Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Questions2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions2 - Essay Example However, it opens room for unscrupulous short term currency traders with the aim of inflating the conversion rate for personal gains. Such challenges may lead to losses for businesses operating in countries with a weak currency thus allowing for the monopoly. The short term financial selling can be reduced by financial market players with the ability to control the currency conversion rates based on the globally agreed rates and competition. The foreign exchange and financial market are vital in improving business efficiency because they affect the revenue and expenditure of business in relation to the exchange rates (Mendleson, 2012, p. 123). Efficiency is improved when the foreign exchange market is stable leading to price stability in the product and service market. The success of businesses globally depends heavily on the foreign exchange market. Therefore, the foreign exchange market is vital in the global success of businesses because it affects revenue and expenditure. The suc cess of foreign exchange market is revealed on the global success of the businesses based on other factors affecting globalization. The currency conversion rate is a vital factor in international business operations. Question three Currency crisis and the default crisis are related especially in the developing country. Normally, the currency crisis precedes the default crisis indicating the relationship between the two crises. The sudden drop in the exchange rate of a currency leads to serious challenge in the financial market which in turn affects the business operations in the country. In order to avert currency conversion crisis, countries must ensure that then conversion rates are maintained at a stable price which increases trust in the currency and improves the development of the necessary capital stability. In order to avert a currency conversion crisis, the country must evaluate it paper money value and maintain at a stable equilibrium (Boone & Kurtz, 2011, p. 96). Industria l countries tend to ignore the impact of the global currency conversion rate, which in turn affects their performance globally. Countries must engage in the global currency trade and ensure that the stability of the local currency is achieved. The achievement of currency conversion stability will avert default crisis and ensure success in the global market. The use of sovereign credit rating will improve the stability in the currency conversion rates which in turn leads to reduction of currency crisis. Sovereign credit rating plays an integral role in the determination of the extent to which countries have access to the international capital markets (Sorrells, 2012, p. 115). However, changes in the sovereign credit rating should not be viewed as the indicator of the existence or future occurrence of a currency crisis. In conclusion, default crisis can be averted by controlling currency crisis. Question five The derivatives market is a financial market based on derivative factors and financial instruments. These instruments include future contracts or options obtained from other forms of assets. The market is divided in to two namely exchange-traded derivatives and over-the-counter derivatives. Tailor-made derivatives cannot be traded on the future exchange market but are traded on Over-the-counter markets. They consist of investment banks with clients such as the hedge funds, government

Monday, October 28, 2019

Intro to medical technology Essay Example for Free

Intro to medical technology Essay This course will introduce students to the role, ethics, conduct, certification, education, employment, and fundamental knowledge and skills related to Clinical Laboratory Science. There will also be discussions on the more common laboratory tests associated with diseases of organ systems and how the results are utilized in diagnosis. Selected laboratory exercises from major disciplines in Clinical Laboratory Science will be performed. Course Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course the student will be able to: 1. Appreciate the important role of the Medical Technologist in the saving of lives and relate that to the role of Jesus in the saving of souls. 2. Describe the different designations of laboratory professionals, the major job functions, and the education requirements for entry into the profession. 3. Discuss the various aspects related to proper techniques, safety and interpretation of procedures presented. 4. Perform laboratory procedures taught utilizing correct techniques. 5. Discuss proper specimen collection techniques. Possess an introductory knowledge of the scope of testing performed in each of the following sections of the Clinical Laboratory: a. Haematology e. Microbiology b. Immunology f. Coagulation c. Immunohaematology g. Mycology d. Clinical Chemistry 7. Contribute to the overall improvement of the healthcare system. Instructional Procedures There will be one 80 minute lecture and a three-hour laboratory session weekly for approximately fifteen weeks. A short devotion will be conducted at the beginning of each class period. There will be written tests, assignments, reading reports and one final comprehensive exam. In the case of absence, the University’s absence policy applies (See NCU Bulletin). Students with excused absences who have missed assignments or tests must make them up within one week of returning to class. The laboratory component of this course will carry a Pass/Fail designation. Failure of the laboratory component results in an automatic failure of the course which must be repeated. A failing laboratory grade will not be included in the calculation of the overall grade for this course. In this course, mastery is the goal, and the student is responsible for the information from assignments, text, manual, class discussion, other reading and laboratory procedures. No assignment should be placed beneath the office door unless otherwise specified by the instructor. In the case of absence, the University’s absence policy applies (See NCU Bulletin). Students with excused absences who have missed assignments or tests must make them up within one week of returning to class. Quizzes cannot be made up. Integration of Faith and Learning Outcomes: 1. Demonstrate the fulfilment of God’s manifestation in our lives as the study the of Clinical Laboratory Science highlights the amazing design of the human machinery and the God given skills required to thoroughly investigate it. 2. Exhibit behaviours that reflect an appreciation of health and wellness as tokens from God to be cherished and a commitment to assist others experiencing ill health through by our skills. Knowledge is power, but it is a power for good only when united with true piety. It must be vitalized by the Spirit of God, in order to serve the noblest purposes. CPT p. 38. NCU Values and Attitudes: Focus 1. Christlikeness 2. Integrity 3. Justice Christlikeness: I, Fabian Pitkin and all the students of MTCH: 106 Introduction to Medical Technology Laboratory class, commit to exercising the highest levels of Christlikeness in all actions during this semester in relation to the following: 1 Handling student issues in a fair and equitable manner 2 Displaying honesty with submitted work 3 Displaying kindness to each other 4 Displaying humility, compassion and unselfishness to each other 5 Showing confidence in all things through Christ who strengthens me. (Philippians 4:13) Integrity: The facilitator and students will undertake learning experiences that exercise the highest levels of integrity such as: Honouring deadlines in submission of assignments Practising academic honesty with respect to the use of published works and other intellectual property Participating equally in group work and activities Good stewardship of tools, equipment and other resources in the teaching learning environment Give fair evaluation to student work Display proper deportment and conduct. Justice: The facilitator and all students will exercise the highest level of justice and fairness in all actions related to this course in the areas of: Fair grading for tasks submitted for evaluation Timely feedback and redress of inquiries, challenges, issues, grouses Impartial treatment of all students regardless of race, age, religious affiliation, nationality or ethnicity. Access to Computer and Internet Resources: Completing these course requirements necessitates regular access to computer technology and the Internet. If a student does not have a personal computer with Internet access, computers on the University’s Main Campus and Extension Sites are available for student use. Civility, Courtesy and Respect: As professionals, mutual respect is required; the instructor expects all class members to communicate in a professional and courteous manner. While everyone may feel passionate about a particular subject and is entitled to his/her opinions, classroom discourse must always be conducted in a respectful and civil tone. No disrespectful or disparaging comments about gender, ethnicity, religion, et cetera will be tolerated. Honour Code: Regulations on plagiarism and other forms of cheating are strictly enforced. Since engaging in either activity may result in very serious penalties, including failing grades, or dismissal from the University, you should endeavour to avoid such activities. Any assignment or work submitted for this course must not have been submitted for any other course. No written or digitally authored work may be submitted for academic credit more than once. If you have questions about how this may apply to an assignment you are considering for this course, please ask the facilitator for clarification. Students with a Disabling Condition: Any student who, because of a disabling condition, may require some special arrangements in order to meet course requirements, should communicate with the instructor in a timely manner, to seek such special considerations. Students should present appropriate verification from the relevant administrative office at the University. There is no guideline indicating that special considerations be given prior to completion of the existing university verification process. Course Content Lecture 1. Introduction to the Profession and Fundamentals of the Clinical Laboratory No. Of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of Clinical Laboratory Science 2. Draw and describe the organizational structure of a healthcare organization 3. Name the departments of a clinical laboratory 4. Describe the various sites for laboratory testing 5. Describe the importance of regulations concerning the quality and reliability of laboratory work. 6. Describe the various categories of personnel in the clinical laboratory 7. Name and describe non-analytical and analytical factors in quality assessment. 8. Describe proficiency testing. 9. Name three medical-legal issues and discuss issues associated with each. 10. Discuss the future directions for laboratory medicine. Content: 1. Functions of the clinical laboratory 2. Organization with the clinical laboratory 3. Regulatory bodies (OSHA, CLIA, etc) 4. Introduction to speciality areas of the clinical laboratory 5. Credentialing 6. Professional organizations 7. Quality Assessment Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – What is Medical Technology? What does it entail? 2. Discussion – How important/ integral is this profession to the health care delivery system? Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 4 -20 Lecture 2. Safety in the clinical laboratory, Specimen Collection, Transportation Handling Laboratory No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Describe the basic aspects of infection control policies, including how and when to use PPEs and the reasons for using Standard Precautions. 2. Describe the procedure for decontaminating a work area and the steps to be employed when cleaning up hazardous spills. 3. Describe the basic steps if first aid. 4. Identify seven factors that should be monitored by quality assessment methods. 5. Demonstrate and describe the skills needed to interact with patients in the collection of specimens 6. Describe the principles and applications of Standard Precautions 7. Discuss general specimen preparation guidelines 8. Identify unacceptable laboratory specimens 9. Explain the chain of custody in specimen handling 10. Describe relevant medical-legal issues related to specimen collection Content: 1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Acts and Standards 2. Handwashing Immunization 4. Prophylaxis 5. Exposure control 6. Laboratory Hazards 7. General Infection control Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Why is it so important to be immunized prior to entering into the clinical laboratory? 2. Discussion – What is the value of proper sample collection and handling to the generation of quality patient results? Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 21-72 Assessment # 1: This assesses knowledge, comprehension, and synthesis of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools- Matching, Short Answers and Short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 1 10 20 20 50 Lecture 2 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 Lecture 3. Systems of measurement, Laboratory Equipment, and Reagents; The Microscope; Measurement Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Convert metric units of measurement for weight, volume, and temperature to English units and metric units or metric units to English units. 2. Convert temperature from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit or Kelvin. Describe the various types and uses of laboratory volumetric glassware, the techniques for their use, and the various types of glass used to manufacture them. 4. Describe types and uses of laboratory centrifuges. 5. Compare various forms and grades of water used in the laboratory and how each is each. 6. Demonstrate how to properly label a container used to store a laboratory reagent or solution. 7. Identify the parts of the microscope. 8. Explain the difference between magnification and resolution. 9. Define alignment, and describe the process of aligning a microscope. 10. Describe the procedure for correct light adjustment to obtain maximum resolution with sufficient contrast. 11. Identify the four basic measurement techniques. 12. Describe the principle of absorbance spectrophotometry. 13. Explain how the intensity of colour in a substance can be used to measure its concentration. 14. Define Beer’s Law. 15. Name the components of the spectrophotometer. Identify three quality control tests for the spectrophotometers. 17. Describe the principle of nephelometry. Content: 1. International Systems 2. Laboratory plasticware and glassware 3. Laboratory balances 4. Laboratory centrifuges 5. Laboratory reagent water 6. Reagents used in laboratory assays 7. Use of the microscope 8. Photometry 9. Absorbance spectrophotometry 10. Nephelometry 11. Electrochemical methods Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Problem solving; converting Fahrenheit to Celsius to Kelvin and finding unknown concentrations using the Beer’s law. Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 78 147 Lecture 4. Quality Assessment Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory Automation Point-of-Care Testing, and Laboratory Information Systems No. Of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Discuss how professional regulations require the implementation of quality assessment programs in the clinical laboratory. 2. Identify the components necessary to a laboratory’s quality assessment program, including its quality control program and the use of control specimens 3. Assess the diagnostic usefulness of results reported, which requires an understanding of accuracy and precision as well as specificity and sensitivity, for laboratory tests and methodologies. 4. Explain the sources of variance in a laboratory procedure 5. Explain the importance of a quality control program, including the use of control samples, the determination of the control range, and the use of quality control charts 6. Describe the use of reference values, including the use of the mean and the standard deviation in determination of the reference range. 7. Explain the major benefits of laboratory automation 8. Describe the five steps in automated analysis 9. Compare the major advantages and disadvantages of point-of-care testing 10. Identify the four categories of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA ’88) test procedures 11. Provide examples of instrument-based point-of-care testing 12. Identify at least six characteristics to consider when selecting a point-of-care instrument. 13. Describe overall product and functions of laboratory information systems 14. List and describe components of a computer system 15. Define the abbreviations LAN and WAN 16. Define and give examples of preanalytical and postanalytical testing 17. Identify and describe five Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards for design, compatibility, and integration of automated clinical laboratory systems. Content: 1. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments 2. Accrediting Organizations 3. Quality assessment consideration 4. Quality assessment descriptors 5. Quality control statistics 6. Monitoring quality control Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Problem solving: Laboratory statistics and generation of Levy Jennings chart. 2. Discussion – Practical ways of ensuring quality in the clinical laboratory Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 161 -194 Lecture 5. Laboratory Mathematics and Introduction to Clinical Chemistry No. Of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Calculate proportions and ratios 2. Calculate the requirements for solutions of a given volume and molarity 3. Describe the procedures for making a single dilution and a serial dilution 4. Calculate the amount of one solution needed to make a solution of a lesser concentration from it. 5. Differentiate the expressions of solution concentration weight per unit weight and weight per unit volume. 6. Prepare a percent solution 7. Compare the pathophysiology of types I and II diabetes. 8. Describe the symptoms of diabetes. 9. Identify the four major electrolytes found in blood and body fluids. 10. Name and compare renal function assays. 11. List the major lipid fractions. 12. List the major cardiac markers. 13. Describe liver and pancreatic assays and their significance. 14. Compare the clinical significance of various types of tumours markers. 15. Describe therapeutic drug assays and identify drugs of abuse. Content: 1. Density and specific gravity 2. Expressions of solution concentration 3. Proportions and ratios 4. Concentration of solutions 5. Dilutions 6. Diabetes 7. Electrolytes Acid-base balance 9. Renal function and other organ markers 10. Lipids 11. Hormone assays 12. Tumour markers Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Problem solving in serial dilution, creatinine clearance determination. 2. Discussion – Does automation in the clinical chemistry department render the department the most relaxing environment? Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 151 -159; 200 232 Sectional # 2- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, and application of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools-Calculations, Matching, and Short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 3 10 10 10 30 Lecture 4 10 10 15 35 Lecture 5 10 10 15 35 Total 30 30 40 100 Lecture 6. Introduction to Haematology Haemostasis; Introduction to Blood Banking No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Describe the composition of blood 2. Explain the proper processing and testing of haematological samples 3. Discuss the significance of a complete blood count 4. Describe and perform a differential blood count 5. Discuss the common laboratory tests used for coagulation and haemostasis. 6. Define the terms immunohaematology, blood banking, and transfusion medicine 7. Explain the role of antigens and antibodies in immunohaematology 8. Compare ABO red blood cell and serum typing procedures 9. List and explain the components of compatibility testing, including identification, ABO and Rh typing, screening for unexpected antibodies and cross matching 10. Identify and describe the various red blood cell components and derivatives used for transfusion including packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, and explain the reason for transfusion of each. Content: 1. Haemoglobin 2. Haematocrit 3. Red blood cell indices 4. Blood cell counts 5. Examination of the peripheral smear 6. Blood cell alterations 7. Haemostatic mechanism 8. Tests for haemostasis Activities: 1. Case study – Case review on anaemia Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 238 – 342; 543 565 Lecture 7. Renal physiology and urinalysis, Introduction to the examination of Body Fluids No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Define routine urinalysis, and describe its three main components. 2. Explain the clinical usefulness of urinalysis. 3. Describe the basic anatomic components of the urinary system and the function of each. 4. Define cerebrospinal fluid and describe the components of the routine examination. 5. Define synovial fluid 6. Discus the clinical significance of tests for faecal occult blood. 7. Describe the component of a semen analysis. Content: 1. Renal anatomy and physiology 2. Composition of urine 3. Physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine 4. Faecal occult blood Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Microscopic mapping the production of urine Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 351 414 Assessment # 3- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, application and basic analysis of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools- multiple choice, Short Answers and Short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 6 10 20 20 50 Lecture 7 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 Lecture 8. Introduction to Microbiology No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Define the terms: microorganisms, normal and abnormal flora. 2. Discuss basic equipment and techniques used in Microbiology. 3. Discuss steps taken in bacterial identification. 4. Explain the process and purpose of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 5. Describe the requirement for bacterial cultivation and the common types of media. Content: 1. Introduction to micro-organisms 2. Classification of micro-organisms 3. Basic equipment and techniques used in microbiology 4. Types of specimens 5. Culture and sensitivity 6. Fungi and parasite testing Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Media classification and identification Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 447 -500 Lecture 9. Introduction to Immunology Serology No. of Hours: One hour Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lecture the students will be able to: 1. Define the term immunology. 2. Define the terms antigen and antibody. 3. Describe the general characteristics of antigens and antibodies. 4. Describe the characteristics of agglutination. 5. Compare the grading of agglutination reactions. 6. Name and compare the principles of latex agglutination, coagglutination, liposome-mediated agglutination, direct, bacterial agglutination, and haemagglutination. 7. Briefly describe the applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, Northern blot, Western blot and DNA chip technology. Content: 1. Overview immunology and serology 2. Antigens and antibodies 3. Specimens for serology and immunology 4. Common immunologic and serologic tests Activities: 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) – Confidentially and HIV reports 2. Group revision – Brief review of the lecture Primary resource: Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 505 530 Assessment # 4- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, application and basic analysis of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools- multiple choice, matching and short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 8 10 20 20 50 Lecture 9 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 LECTURE SCHEDULE Modes of Teaching and Learning Student Evaluation A final grade will be assigned on the basis of the student’s performance on tests, assignments, reading reports, labs and the final comprehensive examination. B 70-74 B- 65-69 C+ 60-64 C 55-59 C- 50-54 D 0-49 F Grading system Grades are assigned numerical values as follows: GRADE Quality Points Definition A 4. 00 Superior A- 3. 67 Superior B+ 3. 33 Superior B 3. 00 Above Average B- 2. 67 Above Average C+ 2. 33 Above Average C 2. 00 Average C- 1. 67 Average D+ 1. 33 Below Average D 1. 00 Below Average F 0. 00 Below Average Expectations: 1. Attend all lectures, labs and tests. 2. Read assigned material before each lecture or lab session in order to participate meaningfully in class discussions and to better understand what is expected for the laboratory exercise. Present all labs and assignments on time and in a neat format. No late work will be accepted. No overdue assignment will be accepted at the end of the semester. 4. Submit a one-page (250-300 words) reading report on the last Thursday of each month. Reading reports should be done from journal articles pertaining to any discipline of Medical Technology. Source should have been published within the last two years and cited according to the CBE format. A copy of the article read should be attached to the report upon submission. Topics for each month are: September – Accreditation for Clinical Laboratories October – Quality Assessment in the Clinical Laboratory November– choose one of the major disciplines of Medical Technology (Clinical Microbiology, Haematology, Immunohaematology, Clinical Chemistry) and report on what was read from a scientific journal article. 5. Submit a written assignment specified Wednesdays following a lecture. Each assignment is gear towards cementing principles and facts as taught in lecture and as such evaluates knowledge, comprehension and synthesis of information. 6. Use the lab objectives as a study review guide for examinations. All cellular phones and any other electronic or mechanical gadgets should be turned off during class and laboratory sessions. Disturbance of the class session will result in suspension from the class. 8. Take responsibility for your tenure at Northern Caribbean University and display a professional attitude befitting that of the Medical Technology profession, always bearing in mind that patients’ lives are in your hands. 9. Give at least five (5) hours to the community in voluntary service within the discipline of Medical Technology. This may be organized or arranged by the teacher in the form of a health fair or it may be done through the students’ own initiative which may be reported to and reviewed by the teacher prior to initiation and or completion. REFERENCE MATERIAL Rubrics for Evaluating Oral Presentations ONLINE RULES/POLICIES: All papers and assignments submitted should include a certificate of authorship digitally signed by the student. Be aware that any submitted work for this course may be subjected to detection of plagiarism and breach of copyright. Participation students are required to login at least twice per week to the course website where assignments and announcements will be posted and accepted. An audit/tracking feature embedded in the eLearning system ? orion DL, will be utilized to monitor student activity. Conduct within the Online Learning Environment the same guidelines that apply to traditional classes should be observed in the eLearning environment. Please use proper netiquette when interacting with class members and the course instructor. ONLINE COURSE ACCESS Students will use their ? orion user account credentials to login to the course through the ? Orion Learning Management System (? orion LMS): http://aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/. For assistance or further details regarding access to online courses please visit: https://aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/corp/help. aspx For first time users or those requiring further familiarity with the eLearning system, please visit http://aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/ and click on the orientation link. University Information Systems Services (UNISS) provides technical support between the hours of 8:00AM and 10:00PM Mondays through Thursdays and 8:00AM to 1:30PM on Fridays. The help desk may be reached at (1-876-523-2064) or online chat for immediate assistance. Email service requests can be directed to: [emailprotected] edu. jm POLICY ON SERVER UNAVAILABILITY OR OTHER TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES The university is committed to providing a reliable online course system to all users. However, in the event of any unexpected server outage or any unusual technical difficulty which prevents students from completing a time sensitive assessment activity, the instructor will provide an appropriate accommodation based on the situation. Students should immediately report any problems to the instructor and also contact the UNISS eLearning Help Desk: http://uniss. Ncu. edu. jm/elearninghelp , 1-876-523-2064. The instructor and the UNISS eLearning Help Desk will work with the student to resolve any issues at the earliest possible time. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS In addition to a competent level of computer and Internet literacy, there are some minimum technical requirements must be met to enable a successful learning experience. Please review the important technical requirements and the web browser configuration information at http://aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/ to ensure that your personal computer meets the outlined requirements. This course has integrated communication tools that may be used to facilitate interaction and communication. Other communication mediasuch as email, instant messaging and web conferencing tools may also be utilized throughout the course. For more details please visit http://aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/features . Interaction with Instructor: The instructor will communicate with students primarily using the Announcements and Discussions tools. Students may send personal concerns or questions to the instructor via email or using the course messaging module. The instructor will as much as possible reply to student’s queries within a week. LIBRARY SERVICES Distance Learners will need an ? orion user account to access all of the library’s electronic resources (reserves, journal articles, ebooks and search online databases) from off campus. For NCU students living close to one of our extension campuses, a valid NCU ID card is required to check out materials from the Library. For more information on library resources go to http://www. ncu. edu. jm/library/ ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION Please use the Assignments link on the course menu or see the icon on the designated page to upload assignments. You may click on the link for each assignment and follow the on-screen instructions to upload and submit your file(s). Bear in mind that you may only submit each assignment once, after which you should receive an onscreen confirmation. Please refer to the Help menu for more information on using this tool. Please note: each assignment link will be deactivated after the assignment due time. Additionally, unless stated otherwise, assignments are typically due at 11:59 PM on the specified date. After your submission is graded, you may click each assignment’s â€Å"Graded† tab to check the results and feedback. If necessary drafts of work for mastery learning may be sent via email to the instructor for review prior to submission. For team project assignments, one group member will submit the assignment for the group and all group members will be able to view the results and feedback once it’s been graded. Assignment Submission Instructions using Turnitin: Assignment(s) will be submitted and inspected via Turnitin, which is an integrated eLearning tool for plagiarism detection. To submit your assignments, click on the Turnitin icon located on the assignment submission web page. Next, click the submit icon. After which you will need to upload your assignment file please note that only one file may be submitted. To submit your assignment, click on â€Å"Browse† and locate your file then click the Submit button. You will be able to review before confirming your submission. You may return at a later time when the report is available, typically within 24 hours, to review the Originality Report which indicates the sources detected and how similar the assignment is to these sources. Please note it may take some time for Turnitin to generate the originality report. For further information on using Turnitin, please go to: http://www. Turnitin. com/static/training. html. COURSE EVALUATION You are required to complete an evaluation of the course at the end of the semester/module. These evaluations are used to garner valuable feedback that helps to improve the quality of instruction. Online course evaluations will be made accessible around the end of the semester/module and students will be informed via email or internal messages when they become available. NCU EMAIL Northern Caribbean University is aware of the efficiency, effectiveness and overall importance of communication between students and faculty/staff through electronic mail. At the same time, e-mail raises some issues concerning security and the identity of each individual in an e-mail exchange. The university encourages all official student email correspondence to be sent only to a student’s NCU e-mail address and that faculty or staff consider email from students official only if it originates from a NCU student account. This allows the university to maintain a high degree of confidence in the identity of all individual corresponding and the security of the transmitted information. NCU furnishes each student with a free e-m

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Becoming a Pharmacist Essay -- Health Care

Becoming a Pharmacist Besides finding the right partner, many people seek the right career. It is a very important part of our life. In today’s modern world, there is a broad spectrum of opportunities to choose from. The right choice can give us not just a source of a paycheck, but also an opportunity for advancement and academic satisfaction. There are many aspects to consider when deciding about a future career like; benefits, working environment, and opportunities for advancement. Perhaps the most important quality is a feeling of the highest personal accomplishment. The medical field offers many different opportunities, and one of them is a career in pharmacy. The pharmacy field has been evolving for millennia, and it shaped into modern science. The career in the pharmacy requires several years of a extensive study and dedication, but all the hard work is greatly rewarded at the end. The Pharmacy field has a long history. First pharmaceutical rituals were recorded in Egypt 3600 B.C. In Ancient Greece, it was Hippocrates who dismissed the rituals, and started treating diseases with his pharmaceutical preparations. In Rome, Galen was the first the put the drugs in categories based on their action (Wood, p. 220). Arabian pharmacists separated pharmacies from the medicine field between 700 – 1000 A.D. First pharmacy rules were created by the German Emperor Frederick II between 1224-1240. In sixteenth century Swiss physician Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim suggests treating diseases on chemical principle. From this point on, pharmacy was recognized as medicinal chemistry. The revolution of discoveries started in the nineteenth century. The fist drug mill and the fist pill machine were developed. German pharmacist Serturne... ...ers. New York. Paw Prints, 2008. Print. Ganachari, M.S. Shah, P.S.Zalavadia, N.M. Pharmacist: A crucial part of clinical Research. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2010. Vol.3(3), p.444, Peer Reviewed Journal. Miller, H. â€Å"The FDA Actively Regulates Drug Safety.† The Pharmaceutical Industry. Ed. Carroll, J. Farmington Hills. Greenhaven Press. 2009. p. 75-76. Print. Turning Points in World History Great Medical Discoveries. Ed. Shane, C.J. Farmington Hills. Greenhaven Press. 2004. p. 118-133. UAMS College of Pharmacy. PCAT Prep Program. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. n. d. Web. April 4, 2012. University of Florida. Distance-Learning Models. n.d. Web. April 4, 2012 Wood C. A History of Healing Therapies: Western, Eastern, and Alternative Approaches. CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, Oct, 2010, Vol.48(2), p.219-224(11) Essay. April 2, 2012

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Philippine Literature Essay

I. Pre-Colonial Period – Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; – Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B.& Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; – Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; – Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; – Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); – This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  · Early Forms of Philippine Literature: o Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb); o Pre-colonial poetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage); o Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  · Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period: o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) – The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; – Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†; – In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; – Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; – Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause; – The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; – Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; – The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period: o Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week); o Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido; o Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  · Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press; o May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog; o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,† was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino; o Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno; o Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces  that may affirm the conclusion; o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards; o La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) – The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; – The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; – As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; – During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; – The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; – One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; – Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major  themes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; – Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few – during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period: o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o Drama  · Notable Works of the American Period: o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism; o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem; o Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

COM/537 Final Examination Study Guide Essay

This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Communication Styles Objective: Differentiate between styles of communication. 1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good approach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympathetics b.0 Argumentatives c.0 Directs d.0 Systematics 2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messages b.0 Gossip c.0 Newsletter d.0 Press release Objective: Explain the business communication process. 3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver is a.0 transmission b.0 modeling c.0 role-playing d.0 communication 4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communication b.0 contextualizing c.0 narrowcasting d.0 framing Week Two: Audience Analysis Objective: Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications. 5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedman’s â€Å"the world is flat† concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs. d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization. 6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approach b.0 Somersault approach c.0 Arrow approach d.0 Circuit approach Objective: Differentiate between types of audiences. 7.Which of the following is an example of â€Å"thinking globally but acting locally†? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions. 8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate action Objective: Analyze audience perceptions and needs. 9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awareness b.0 increasing knowledge c.0 ensuring acceptance d.0 changing attitude 10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structure b.0 making initial contact with your colleagues c.0 assessing the company’s commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional culture Week Three: Developing the Communication Strategy Objective: Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations. 11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trust b.0 ethical trust c.0 motivated trust d.0 practical trust 12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty b.0 enhance promotional programs c.0 build word-of-mouth networks d.0 facilitate mass customization Objective: Select appropriate communication channels. 13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative research b.0 determination research c.0 soft measurement research d.0 hard measurement research 14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printed b.0 electronic c.0 spoken d.0 mediated Week Four: Internal and External Persuasive Communications Objective: Create internal and external persuasive communications. 15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguage b.0 vocalization c.0 accent d.0 semantics 16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning? a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a top–down process. d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agency’s specific business or audience. Objective: Use research to support persuasive business communications. 17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords. b.0 Be transparent and humble. c.0 Make lofty promises. d.0 Exceed designated presentation time. 18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchart b.0 Physical symbol systems c.0 Transactional communications model d.0 Sociogram 19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statements b.0 Qualitative tools c.0 Quantitative tools d.0 Objectives Objective: Evaluate messages for noise. 20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issues b.0 noise c.0 the environment d.0 cognitive dissonance 21.Which of the following statements is true? a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions. c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes. 22.Pausing in the process of communicating a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the sender’s motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of one’s message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her own Week Five: Evaluating Consultant Communications Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications. 23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issues b.0 Lack of understanding c.0 Negative comments by employees d.0 Legal concerns 24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managers b.0 Accountants c.0 Consultants d.0 Customers Week Six: The Persuasive Communication Plan Objective: Design persuasive communications. 25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listener b.0 Selective perception c.0 Cognitive dissonance d.0 Self-determination 26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perception b.0 Vocalization c.0 Diversification d.0 Detection 27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementation b.0 Decision c.0 Detection d.0 Framing Objective: Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels. 28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the context b.0 Sender, receiver, and feedback c.0 Need, cost, and outcomes d.0 Benefits, appeals, and details 29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the problems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in: a.0 precision listening b.0 selective perception c.0 cognitive dissonance d.0 extemporaneous thinking 30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as com/537 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Communication Styles Objective: Differentiate between styles of communication. 1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good approach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympathetics b.0 Argumentatives c.0 Directs d.0 Systematics 2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messages b.0 Gossip c.0 Newsletter d.0 Press release Objective: Explain the business communication process. 3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver is a.0 transmission b.0 modeling c.0 role-playing d.0 communication 4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communication b.0 contextualizing c.0 narrowcasting d.0 framing Week Two: Audience Analysis Objective: Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications. 5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedman’s â€Å"the world is flat† concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs. d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization. 6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approach b.0 Somersault approach c.0 Arrow approach d.0 Circuit approach Objective: Differentiate between types of audiences. 7.Which of the following is an example of â€Å"thinking globally but acting locally†? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions. 8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate action Objective: Analyze audience perceptions and needs. 9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awareness b.0 increasing knowledge c.0 ensuring acceptance d.0 changing attitude 10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structure b.0 making initial contact with your colleagues c.0 assessing the company’s commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional culture Week Three: Developing the Communication Strategy Objective: Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations. 11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trust b.0 ethical trust c.0 motivated trust d.0 practical trust 12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty b.0 enhance promotional programs c.0 build word-of-mouth networks d.0 facilitate mass customization Objective: Select appropriate communication channels. 13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative research b.0 determination research c.0 soft measurement research d.0 hard measurement research 14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printed b.0 electronic c.0 spoken d.0 mediated Week Four: Internal and External Persuasive Communications Objective: Create internal and external persuasive communications. 15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguage b.0 vocalization c.0 accent d.0 semantics 16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning? a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a top–down process. d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agency’s specific business or audience. Objective: Use research to support persuasive business communications. 17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords. b.0 Be transparent and humble. c.0 Make lofty promises. d.0 Exceed designated presentation time. 18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchart b.0 Physical symbol systems c.0 Transactional communications model d.0 Sociogram 19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statements b.0 Qualitative tools c.0 Quantitative tools d.0 Objectives Objective: Evaluate messages for noise. 20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issues b.0 noise c.0 the environment d.0 cognitive dissonance 21.Which of the following statements is true? a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions. c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes. 22.Pausing in the process of communicating a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the sender’s motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of one’s message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her own Week Five: Evaluating Consultant Communications Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications. 23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issues b.0 Lack of understanding c.0 Negative comments by employees d.0 Legal concerns 24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managers b.0 Accountants c.0 Consultants d.0 Customers Week Six: The Persuasive Communication Plan Objective: Design persuasive communications. 25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listener b.0 Selective perception c.0 Cognitive dissonance d.0 Self-determination 26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perception b.0 Vocalization c.0 Diversification d.0 Detection 27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementation b.0 Decision c.0 Detection d.0 Framing Objective: Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels. 28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the context b.0 Sender, receiver, and feedback c.0 Need, cost, and outcomes d.0 Benefits, appeals, and details 29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the problems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in: a.0 precision listening b.0 selective perception c.0 cognitive dissonance d.0 extemporaneous thinking 30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as comprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedback b.0 Suggested revisions c.0 Terminal action d.0 Vocalization prehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedback b.0 Suggested revisions c.0 Terminal action d.0 Vocalization

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Difference Between Avere and Tenere

The Difference Between Avere and Tenere Learning a new language is not only tough because there are thousands of new words to learn, but even tougher because those words often overlap in meaning. This is definitely the case with the two verbs in Italian - â€Å"tenere - to hold, to keep† and â€Å"avere - to have, to obtain, to hold†. What are the main differences? First, tenere is often understood as to keep or to hold, like to keep a window open, keep a secret or hold a baby. Avere is to understood as meaning, to have, in the sense of possession, like age, fear, or an iPhone. Second, tenere is used, more often in the south, particularly in Naples, in the place of avere, but grammatically, its incorrect. Meaning, even if you hear Tengo 27 anni or Tengo fame, its not grammatically correct. Here are some situations where choosing between avere and tenere might be tricky. Physical Possession 1.) To have/keep an item Ho una mela, ma voglio mangiare un’arancia. - I have an apple, but I want to eat an orange.Non ho una borsa che si abbina a/con questo vestito. - I don’t have a purse that matches this dress.Ho il nuovo iPhone. - I have a new iPhone. In the situation above, you couldnt use tenere as a substitute for avere. Tengo questo iPhone fino alluscita di quello nuovo. - Im keeping this iPhone until the new one comes out. 2.) To not have any money Non ho una lira. - I dont have any money. Here, you can use tenere, but avere is still preferred. Non tengo una lira. - I dont have any money. Non avere/tenere una lira is an expression that literally means, I dont have one lira. To Maintain a Situation 1.) Keep/have a secret È un segreto che tengo per Silvia, quindi non posso dirtelo. - Its a secret that Im keeping for Silvia, so I cant tell it to you. However, if you have a secret and youre not keeping a secret for anybody, you can just use avere. Ho un segreto. Ho un amante! - I have a secret. I have a lover! 2.) Have/keep in pockets Ha le mani in tasca. - He has his hands in his pockets. In this situation, both avere and tenere can be used. Tiene le mani in tasca. - He has (keeps) his hands in his pockets. 3.) Have/keep In mind Ti spiegherà ² quello che ho in mente. - Ill explain to you what I have in mind. In this context, avere and tenere can both be used although the sentence structure will change. Tieni in mente quello che ti ho detto ieri. – Keep in mind what I told you yesterday. To Hold Something 1.) Hold/have a baby in your arms Tiene in braccio un bimbo. Il bebà © ha sei mesi. - She is holding a baby in her arm. The baby is six months. In this situation, you can use avere interchangeably. Ha in braccio un bimbo. Il bebà © ha sei mesi. - She is holding a baby in her arm. The baby is six months. 2.) Have a bouquet of flowers Perchà © hai un mazzo di fiori? Hai molti spasimanti? - Why do you have a bouquet of flowers? Do you have a lot of admirers?Non posso rispondere perchà ¨ ho un mazzo di fiori in mano. - I can’t answer the phone because I’m holding a bouquet of flowers. Then, the person youre talking to might respond to you using the verb tenere. Rispondi, che te lo tengo io. - Answer, and I’ll hold it for you. 3.) Hold a bouquet with style La sposa tiene il bouquet con classe. - The bride holds the bouquet in her hands with style. In the example above, tenere is used to stress the way she holds the bouquet. To help make this easier, use tenere whenever you have something that youre physically holding in mano - in your hands or in braccio - in your arms. It can also be used in figurative expressions, as you saw tenere in mente, but since we would be likely to translate that as keep in mind, its easier to distinguish from avere. Avere, on the other hand, is used to talk about something you possess, either literally or figuratively. If you find yourself in conversation, and you cant think of which one is right to use, its best to ask yourself what the simplest meaning is.  For example, instead of saying, He had a change of heart, you can say, He changed his mind or â€Å"Ha cambiato idea†.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Air Care Gap Analysis

Air Care Gap Analysis Abstract Every airline company has its own unique operation and long term strategies. Just like in other industries such as the agricultural, banking and manufacturing sectors, airline industries across the globe have different goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Air Care Gap Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They get cargo ships, tourists’ small jets, military air crafts and private chattered crafts. Although all of them fall in the same industry, one of the airplanes facing stiff competition is the passengers’ plane. These airlines need a lot financial capital to successfully run while at the same time, the industry is flooded by many players. Additionally, these commercial jets work with multicultural customers, who have different beliefs and understanding. As a result, the industry is faced with a big challenge of ensuring that all their customers’ needs are met. If a company fails to achieve this, it might risk its survival in the market. In this paper, a sample study is taken from Air Care and their ability to create satisfaction to their customers. The study is, however, focused on the customers perspective and satisfaction levels over services being achieved by the industry (Fattah 2011). Introduction With ever increasing day to day competition among industries, there has been a big realization for managers to closely monitor their operating environment through monetary, technical and customer levels of efficiency. Quality provision is vital for any industry to grow. This paper has an objective of investigating the extent of customers’ satisfaction among Air Care. To carry out the research, 10 customers were randomly sampled among those who normally use the services of Air Care.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The customers were t aken through survey questioners based on SERVQUAL model. The questionnaires consisted of 22 questions, which measured all levels of experience and expectations in the industry (Shaw 2004). Literature Review Due to intangible nature of service, defining service quality and satisfaction has become very hard to achieve. Service quality researches are taken by the most accepted SERVQUAL model (Fattah 2011). Since the development of this tool, researchers from all over the world have applied the twenty two item scale in studying service quality across various sectors of industries. This paper is based on the relationship between the service providers and their customers in wide scope over creation of satisfaction in the sector. To develop this system, quality measurement indicators need to be identified after which a system can be developed to enable the functionality of the indicators. Among those indicators are the feedbacks from the customers over empathy, assurance, reliability, resp onsiveness, and tangibles. Airline industries as service providers with one to one interaction with the customers need to develop tight strategic measures that will enable them to retain as well as attract more customers. Since the quality of service sends more long-term impact to the customers, other tangible products and players in the service industry should ensure they have good strategies to handle their customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Air Care Gap Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve these, airline industries need to develop a unique recruitment and screening system to ensure that their customers are satisfied with the services provided. Additionally, they should have seasoned training programs to cope with the ever changing airline field. This also makes the companies use research guided training programs and constant adjustments to achieve maximum output. Customer and employee rela tionship is viewed both as a marketing strategy by the players in the industry and as an output quality strategy (Czincota 2009). Methodology This study was carried out with a sample of 10 subjects randomly sampled from most frequent Air Care customers in the neighbourhood. The Respondents were contacted and briefed over the research. They were informed about their rights, responsibilities and ethical considerations. The 22 item questionnaire based on the most recommended SERVQUAL model was used(Kotler 2002). The questionnaire administered followed two distinct grouping. First section was based on the expectations of Air Care customers’ expectations (E); the next part checked the Experience level of customers (Ep). Likert scale was then developed based on the 22 items. The scale was found to be the best as it limits the answers to a measurable level that is also easy to compute. Before the questionnaires could be administered, the participants were first taught on how to hand le their questions such as marking and selection of answered (Fattah 2011). All the given questionnaires were returned answered appropriately. The responses of all 10 respondents were recorded. The following score scale was used;Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strongly Agree =5 Agree =4 Fairly agree =3 Disagree =2 Strongly Disagree =1 Survey: below questionnaire has two parts. The first part is ranking Air Care according to the expectation of the sample group. The next one shows their perception Fig1. Questionnaire Statement Score Excellent airlines to have modern equipments Perfect airlines have appealing environment. Employees in good airlines must be neat Appealing documents are expected to be present in perfect airlines Airlines have efficient processes Airlines are customer focused and provide full attentions to its customers There is efficiency in timing of processes They adhere to time and promises Their records are error free Employees are always willing to help customers Employees communicate effectively with customers Employees are ready to provide the customers with aid The responses of employees are very quick to customers Emplo yees are self confident Customers safety is assured Employees are very cautious Employees are knowledgeable to customers problems Airlines provide individual attention Convenient operating hours Employees offering personal services Airlines put their customers in the first place Employees understand their customers Survey: Air Care perception. Fig 3 Questionnaire Statement Score Airlines have excellent modern equipment There is an appealing environment. The employees are neat Appealing documents The processes are efficient Airlines are customer focused and treat their customers properly There is efficiency in timing of processes They adhere to time and promises Their records are error free Employees are always willing to help customers Employees communicate effectively with customers Employees are ever there for customers aid Employ ees are ready to provide the customers with aid Employees are confident Customers safety is assured Employees are very cautious Employees are knowledgeable to customers problems Airlines provide individual attention Convenient operating hours Employees offering personal services Airlines put their customers in the first place Employees understand their customers The sample size distribution was described by the distribution table. Mean standard deviations were then computed and T-test was carried out in order to test significant differences of the sample means. All the tools were applied to ensure that the answers were as accurate as possible and could provide an easy analysis. Findings and Discussion Figure 1: Demographic profile of the respondents Age Male Female Total 12-22 2 1 3 23-33 1 2 3 34-44 1 1 2 44-54 1 1 64- 1 1 Total 5 5 10 Service Gap Analysis Service gap based on the experience an d expectations of the customers was then analysed as per the 22 item questionnaires. During the computerization, the data were entered according to three distinct occupational groups. Those who worked in the public sector were recorded as (public), those who worked in private sector were recorded as (private) and those who were unemployed were (none). The categorization was found to be easier to execute, simple to communicate out as compared to when the age was used. In addition, most customers were found to be employed either as professionals or simply seeking employment or trade opportunities (Haridasini 2011). Discussion From the result of the three major groups i.e. the public, private and none, all had a lot of expectations about tangibles, as shown in Appendix A. The reliability, however, has never met the expectations. Consequently, the level of assurances and responsiveness was very high. Most customers perceived very little empathy averagely. Most customers believe that emp loyees do not pay too much attention to their customers. As a result, there was a strong disagreement on compassionate nature of the employees towards their customers. The airline industry as a service provider with one to one customers interaction needs to develop tight strategic measures that will enable them to retain as well as attract more customers. Sense of appeal was strongly noted to be lacking in the Air Care (Haridasini 2011). Most of the products relayed lacked tastes of appeal from the offices to the cabins. Employees also failed to provide a quick response to their customers. Based on the research, the following differencing plane was computed. A differencing plane graph From the results obtained, it is evident that most customers are not yet satisfied with the Air Care services. Customers lack the expected empathy. Employees’ response to customers is slow. As a result, some customers feel neglected. Customers expect good customer care service with quick respon ses. However, most services in Air Care still undergo a lot of bureaucratic procedures. The company has not created a strong assurance platform that promises customers that future services will correspond to their expectation. Managers need to put more emphases to create surety to their customers. Responsiveness and reliability are catered for in the Air Care; however, a lot is still required from the management team of the company in order to maximize their output (Czincota 2009). Conclusion Despite the fact that airways strive to meet their customers demand in the Air Care, several weakness have been detected. Most customers do expect a lot from the airports ranging from environmental appealing, comfort, service efficiencies and customer-employee relationship, however these have never been achieved by the companies. Hence, the companies have not satisfied most of their clients’ needs and they need to make major improvement to better world competition levels. Air Care can us e this information to come up with strategies of ensuring that all its customers are satisfied. Apart from this, the research provides a lot of information on what changes are expected to occur in the international marketing field. Customer views and levels of satisfactions change depending on seasons and places, utilizing the system will enable the organization to have better chance of attracting and retaining more customers. Currently, Air Care is seen to operate below their level due to little focus on customers’ needs. It is believed that redrafting their goals towards meeting customers’ satisfaction will enhance a lot of improvement in the industry. References Czincota, M 2009, Emerging Trends, Threats and Opportunities in International Marketing, Business Expert Press, New York Fattah, A 2011, Smart airports: transforming passenger experience to thrive in the new economy, Cisco internet business solution group: New York. Haridasini, A 2011, ]The sky portal: Busin ess traveler, Rutledge: London Kotler, P 2002, Marketing Management, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd: New Delhi. Shaw, S 2004, Airline marketing and management, Ashgate: Aldershot, England

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How Word Variation Could Improve Your Academic Writing

How Word Variation Could Improve Your Academic Writing How Word Variation Could Improve Your Academic Writing (And 5 Handy Examples) While it’s important to use consistent terminology in academic writing, this applies primarily to technical terms and concepts central to your argument. When it comes to the rest of your paper, varying the language can make it much more engaging and easier to read. What words should you vary? This depends very much on the individual, but the essence is to avoid frequent repetition of certain basic terms. This doesn’t mean short words like â€Å"the†, â€Å"a† or â€Å"and†, which everyone will use regularly in their writing, but it might include words like â€Å"interesting†, â€Å"because†, â€Å"including†, â€Å"said† and â€Å"important†. Alternatives for these terms are presented below, but you might also want to try a thesaurus for other ideas. Just remember to check the meaning of words you find in a thesaurus before using them, as sometimes there can be subtle differences. 1.      Variations on Interesting The word â€Å"interesting† is often used to introduce a point as worthy of attention (e.g., â€Å"It is interesting to note that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Ironically, overusing â€Å"interesting† is very uninteresting indeed, so you might want to try these instead: Noteworthy/notable (e.g., â€Å"One noteworthy claim†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Compelling (e.g., â€Å"One theory seems particularly compelling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Fascinating (e.g., â€Å"The Ancient Greeks were a fascinating people†) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because The word â€Å"because† is used when explaining the reasons behind something (e.g., â€Å"The results were this way because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). As such, it’s often used in academic writing, so you may sometimes need to limit repetition: Since (e.g., â€Å"Since the pilot experiment failed, we had to start again.†) Due to (e.g., â€Å"The failure was due to several oversights.†) As a result (e.g., â€Å"As a result of these omissions, the results are unreliable.†) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Including/Includes The term â€Å"including† is most commonly used to introduce examples of something just mentioned, including in this sentence you’re reading right now. See what we did there? It can also be used to describe something contained within a whole (e.g., â€Å"It will take a full week, including Sunday.†) If you’re using â€Å"includes† a lot in a paper, you might want to consider these variations: Such as (e.g., â€Å"I collect tools, such as hammers and tongs.†) Like (e.g., â€Å"I eat fruit, like apples and pears.†) Incorporates (e.g., â€Å"The design incorporates many useful features.†) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Said The word â€Å"said† is most overused when quoting sources (e.g., â€Å"Costello said that ‘there’s nothing underhand that she won’t understand’†). Your options here include: Claimed (e.g., â€Å"Holland claimed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Argued (e.g., â€Å"Weller argued†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Stated (e.g., â€Å"Suggs stated†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Important The term â€Å"important† is used to emphasize the significance or value of something, so overusing it can undermine its impact. Substitutes include: Significant (e.g., â€Å"The most significant finding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Vital (e.g., â€Å"It is vital to remember that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Crucial (e.g., â€Å"Addressing this problem is crucial in order to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )

Saturday, October 19, 2019

BHS 499 (Computer & Information Systems) Module 4 SLP Essay - 2

BHS 499 (Computer & Information Systems) Module 4 SLP - Essay Example faculty who can teach students seeking to enroll in nursing; most of the present nursing faculty members are aging (around 50- to 54 years of age); there is inadequate pool of younger faculty; the lack of emphasis or focus on teaching educational principles in line with the strict clinical, didactic and research curricula of majority of the masters and doctoral programs; faculties in nursing have ineffective and diluted role expectations which are aggravated by tremendous role-related stress; new faculty members, the desire to be successful in all facets of academe; there is lack of competitiveness in salaries related to the clinical sector; too few nursing faculty members are prepared for doctoral programs; there is high faculty workload, lack of qualified applicants and less faculty are willing teach clinical courses as well as to conduct research. Therefore, in relation to the above-mentioned nursing issues on the difficulty to recruit and retain nursing educators, the AANA Education Committee made some actions or interventions and integrated it in the strategic plans. The organization made some leadership changes which included some elements of faculty, administrative, financial, political as well as perception concerns. The team also conducted a web-based survey on CRNA faculty recruitment and retention in January 2006 in order to evaluate professional needs of nursing faculties, basis for a development workshops and other development programs. The results of the survey (Starnes-Ott & Kremer, 2007) revealed that if the needs of most faculty members will be ranked accordingly, there concern is much directed towards the need for assistance in order for them to prepare for the doctoral programs, an innovative instruction like distance learning and human patient simulation and development of the curriculum. The above findings are not very surprising, in fact, other researchers have sought the same information at different clinical and educational settings

Friday, October 18, 2019

Mind and Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mind and Body - Essay Example Optimistic mind seems to create a successful physical presence or cure it off its illnesses. Similarly, there are a number of cases when the presence of a strong body influences the mind and it continues to exist healthily. The interaction between the mind and the body has been suggested to be supportive in nature.   The earliest of the theories was on Dualism, the separate existence of mind and body. The physical differentiation of the mind and the body was easily achievable. As Descartes points out (Wozniak, Robert H. 1995), by cutting of a part of the body, say a leg, the body is affected but there is no change in the way the mind works. This makes them isolated and hence, the mind and the body exist as separate entities. This theory of dualism was strengthened during the days of Descartes and in the 17th century when it branched out into material or substance dualism and property dualism. Cardemoy and, later, Malebranche furthered Cartesian dualism (Wozniak, Robert H. 1995). Ev ery thing physical according to them is extendable in the physical world. One can see what the other person is holding if it is physical. In case of the mind, what is owned by the other person is not known; so also the person's own mind. It is not known fully even to the person who has it. However, in the case of Cartesian dualism, it is taken that the mind does not occupy any space whereas the physical body would occupy space (Churchland, Paul M. 1988). Since it does not occupy space, one cannot realize what the other person holds. And the mind continues to be a mystery. In the case of popular dualism, the mind would interact with the physical world but what it is made of and what it is will continue to be a mystery. Property dualism on the other hand, visualizes the mind to be a byproduct of the physical world and a part of the evolutionary mechanism. Epiphenomenalism, proposed by Skinner (1971), looks at the mind as a part of the evolutionary development of the human being. He al so proposed that mind will not be able to cause any physical change by itself. Whereas the other proponents of the property dualism argue that the mind can cause physical effect. This is reflected in a number of phenomenon of psychomotor effects to prove the point. While in the later eighteenth century and early nineteenth centuries, the Monism was proposed and discussed. While Monism essentially falls under two main categories, there are a number of sub-categories within them. Materialism viewed the entire world as a material object. This included the mind and the body as well. They both worked in sync with one another and one evolved from the other as a process. Whereas in the case of idealism, everything is controlled by the mental behavior of the people! Reality is made up of the spiritual forces and these forces are the ones that will push every action in the material world. Mind control physical power and mind can move it without the help of the physical power. In the nineteen th century, the epiphenomenon was proposed by Hodgson (1870) to further the idea that the mind and the body are inseparable; the mind cannot have a physical significance.  

To what extent do you think that Islamic political thought can be Essay

To what extent do you think that Islamic political thought can be reconciled with democracy - Essay Example In the analysis, different theories of democracy in the western world are given, and also, different approaches of Muslims to democracy are analysed. Then, after analysing one of the common arguments on Islam and democracy, an argument is built to show that the basic tenets of democracy and Islamic political thought are incompatible, and therefore, Islamic political thought and democracy are not compatible. Finally, a conclusion is made based on the findings in the paper. To what extent do you think that Islamic political thought can be reconciled with democracy? Before we explore and critically evaluate both arguments for and against the idea that Islam and democracy are, indeed, incompatible, it is necessary to first define and explain Islamic political thought, and the meaning of Democracy in the western world. This will enable us to give an objective and well considered opinion on the issue. First, let us look at the Islamic political thought as elucidated and practiced by Islami c movements such as Islamic brotherhood. The Islamic brotherhood movement, also known as, Hizb al-Ikhwan al-Muslimum, is one of the oldest and largest Islamic movements in the world, known for a supporting Jihad war all over the world (Muslim Brotherhood Movement, online). Some of the main objectives of this movement are to promote the socio-political integration of all Muslims in the world, to protect Islam as a religion, and to promote the economic well-being of all the Muslims in the world. However, besides these noble objectives of the movement, the main object of the Islamic Brotherhood movement is to subjugate the entire world to the Sharia law, which is the main Islamic law. The motto of the movements clearly summarizes the main objective of the movement (Muslim Brotherhood movement, online): Allah is our objective The prophet is our leader The Quran is our law Jihad is our way Dying in the way of Allah is our highest Hope. As it is clear from this motto, for the adherents of the Muslim Brotherhood movement, Allah is the supreme leader of the Muslims and Sharia is the main law or the constitution of the Muslims. And, although, the Muslim Brotherhood movement has exhibited some elements of extremism and has been severely criticised, the movement, however, espouses many real Islam ideals on politics and governance. The term Islam itself means submission (Dahmus, 1968). Islam as a religion requires its followers to unquestionably follow the guidelines of Allah, in all aspects of their lives, as given in the Holy book of the Muslims, the Quran. For this reason, even in matters of governance and politics, Muslims are supposed to follow the dictates of their Holy Book. And according to Quran, Allah is the sovereign ruler of the Muslims, and Sharia, given by Allah, is the constitution of the Muslims. Having explained the Islamic political thought, let us now turn to the Western theories of democracy, so as to compare the two political ideologies to find out wh ether they are compatible or not. Of recent years, democracy has been associated with the western world. However, the idea of Democracy was first mooted by the Greeks. According to Aristotle, one of the ancient Greek scholars and a severe critique of democracy, democracy is a rule of the people, by the people, and for the people

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Boundary Spanning Role of Human Resources Management Essay

Boundary Spanning Role of Human Resources Management - Essay Example Despite what we have termed "phantom threats," boundary spanners are able to maintain their influence through astute management of information that portrays their continued usefulness. This phase however cannot last forever, and boundary spanners need to discover new threats. A review of the development and evolution of HRM in the U.S. supports the proposed model. Because each of the three stages are reflected in the communication patterns of the boundary spanner, several propositions based on the notion of information richness and the nature of the language used in communicating with three critical groups (i.e., external contacts, management, and subordinate staff) are generated to test the model. (Cenzo, 2003) Finally, suggestions for research are made. The political perspective of human resource management (HRM) at the organizational level has been suggested, but while empirical studies have shown this political view of organizations to be a viable alternative (e.g., the influence of interest groups in HRM practices), there is still an inadequate understanding of how HRM departments are able to gain and maintain power and influence. Boundary spanning, with its function of information management, has been shown as a determinant of influence in organizations, and we suggest that this is a possible answer. While many specific boundary spanning roles have been examined, such as sales representatives, purchasing agents, boards of directors, and legal departments, the HRM function has not been systematically analyzed from this perspective. In addition, our current conceptualization is incomplete and must be supplemented by what happens after the creation of boundary spanning roles. We present a conceptual framework for the boundary spanning role that considers its evolution from the initial functional rationale for the creation of such roles, to the institutionalization of its function, to its renewed search for functional justification in order to protect and increase its power base. Boundary spanning has been extensively studied, specifically with respect to the boundary spanner's dual functions of processing environmental information for the organization and representing the firm to the external environment. The boundary spanner's role as information processor helps to protect the organization from information overload, as the boundary spanner filters, interprets, and channels relevant information to appropriate divisions of the firm. The boundary spanner's role as external representative can involve establishing and maintaining the organization's social and political legitimacy, and its public image. Indeed, we argue later in this paper and elsewhere that the increased power, influence, and reputation of the HRM function are at least partially a function of legitimizing and image-enhancing activities. Organizations create boundary spanning roles in response to environmental contingencies which are considered to be important for the firm's well-being. Mick (2005) noted that boundary spanning roles also are selected by the external environment for their contribution to the exchange of information across

Forecasting Exchange Rates Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forecasting Exchange Rates - Case Study Example The forecast, however, depends on probability which might cause uncertainty. Technical forecast will indicate the depreciation of the baht to help the company understand the how their money could be work for them understand these conditions (International Journal of Forecasting 2008). Technical forecast will however depends on fundamental forecast to get historical data of inflation and interest rate. The market-based analysis is based on the market and their implication of inflation and interest rate. The market analysis depends on demand-supply analysis. The market based analysis will help the company understand the consumption of their products in the Thailand market. It also assists management to know what quantity of export is needed. The analysis is also inclusive of interest rates and inflation rate and how it will affect the demand and supply of their products (International Journal of Forecasting 2008). If in the reality the value of the baht  90 days from now  is $0.22. Using technical forecast, baht will depreciates with six percent to give its vale at $ 0.22. Technical forecast shows that the expected results are equal to the real value. The fundamental forecast has three scenarios. The scenarios depend on the chances of depreciation and their percentage. If the chance for depreciation is 30% then baht will deprecates by 2% making the value of baht to be $0.18. 15 % chance of depreciates, baht will depreciates with by 5%, making the value of baht to be $ 0.21. 35 percent change, baht will depreciate with 10% making the value of baht to be $0.20. The market based analysis is involved in interpreting the calculation. In the calculations, it is true to say that fundamental forecast is accurate but tiresome. It offers a wide range of solution with different scenarios. The values from the fundamental are added